Elder Abuse

According to the National Institute on Aging, elder abuse is the physical, emotional, financial, or sexual abuse of a person over 60. It also includes abandonment, neglect and healthcare fraud. Although anyone can be a victim of abuse, the elderly are especially vulnerable due to physical frailty and mental impairment, such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. The elderly are also more prone to social isolation than other adults, which places them at even greater risk. 

Perpetrators of elder abuse may be family, friends, caregivers, or any person who is in a position of power over an elderly person. It can happen in any setting: in the elder’s home, in a nursing home, or in the home of a friend or relative. In the case of financial abuse and fraud, there may not be any contact between the victim and the perpetrator at all. Some of the most egregious cases of financial abuse of the elderly occur when an individual misappropriates money, property or other assets through deceit or fraud. The elderly person may not even be aware of the abuse until it is far too late. 

The Scope of Elder Abuse

Elder abuse is a national crisis in the United States. According to the National Council on Aging, as many as one in 10, or 5 million elderly persons, suffer from some form of abuse or neglect each year, much of which is never reported. Additionally, the organization estimates that elders lose $36.5 billion to financial abuse and fraud each year. Sadly, the majority of the abusers — about 60% — are a family member or spouse. 

Types of Elder Abuse

There are many ways in which the elderly can be abused, neglected or deprived of their rights and dignity. These include:

Physical Abuse

Physical abuse may involve hitting, punching, slapping or using other means to cause physical harm to a vulnerable person. Physically restraining an elderly person by tying them to a piece of furniture, locking them in a room or preventing them from leaving the home, may also constitute physical abuse. The use of “chemical restraints,” e.g.medications whose sole purpose is to prevent an elderly person from acting in a way that disturbs caregivers or staff, is also a form of physical abuse. Chemical restraints are also illegal under federal law, although their use remains widespread.

Elder Emotional Abuse

Emotional abuse includes verbal threats and intimidation, consistent use of ridicule, or minimization of the elderly person’s rights and needs. The abuser may resort to insults, derogatory comments or behavior that discounts the elder’s right to privacy, independence or autonomous decision making. Preventing an elderly person from visiting friends, failing to convey phone messages or withholding mail also constitutes emotional abuse. 

Other forms of emotional abuse, according to Psychology Today, include:

• Threatening a person’s safety, property or loved ones. 
• Extremely jealous, controlling behavior
• Monitoring a person’s every move; refusing to allow them time to themselves
• Gaslighting — a pattern of behavior aimed at causing a person to doubt themselves, their memory or their mental capabilities. 

According to numerous sources, emotional abuse is the most common form of elder abuse, especially in care homes. According to the Nursing Home Abuse Center,  the World Health Organization reports that one in three nursing home staff members admit to psychologically abusing those in their care. 

Elder Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse is defined as unwanted touching, forced intimate contact or penetrative sex with a person without their consent. Like children, the elderly are especially vulnerable to sexual abuse because they are too weak to fight back and, due to cognitive limitations, may be unable to clearly describe the assault. They are also more likely not to report abuse because they feel embarrassed or ashamed or don’t think they will be believed. 

In addition to sexual contact, elder sexual abuse can involve forcing an elderly person to watch or view pornography or to watch other people perform sexual acts. Forcing an elderly person to disrobe against their will may also be an act of sexual abuse.. 

Additionally, any sexual contact with an elderly person who lacks the capacity to give consent due to dementia, Alzheimer’s or another form of cognitive impairment is abuse and a crime. 

Elder Financial Abuse & Exploitation

Financial abuse and financial exploitation are growing concerns among the elderly. Whereas financial abuse was historically perpetrated by those with access to an elderly person’s assets and funds, today more and more elderly persons are being exploited by fraudsters running elaborate scams. According to FBI Crime Statistics, scams targeting individuals aged 60 and older resulted in the loss of over $3.4 billion in 2023—an increase of approximately 11% from 2022. 

Traditional financial abuse or exploitation typically involves a family member or caregiver with access to the elderly person’s bank accounts, credit cards and other personal financial documents. A perpetrator of such abuse may:

• Forge checks
• Steal retirement of Social Security benefits
• Steal jewelry, cash or household goods
• Steal the elder’s identity and use it to open credit cards or take out loans.
• Use the elderly person’s credit cards or debit card without their consent
• Change names or beneficiaries on a will or life insurance policies
• Change the name on a title to real property such as a house, boat or car
• Use threats or intimidation to force an elderly person to turn over assets against their will
• Fail to pay bills such as rent and utilities in an effort to create hardship for the elderly person

Financial fraud, on the other hand, is typically perpetrated by those who don’t know the victim and defraud them using trickery and deceit..Scams targeting the elderly are one of the fastest-growing and most devastating forms of elder financial abuse. According to the FBI, elderly persons are often targeted due to their lack of sophistication with modern technology; over 101,000 scams involving people over 60 were reported to the FBI in 2022 alone. While these scams and those who perpetrate them are always evolving, in 2023, the most common financial scams  involving the elderly were:

• Tech support scams
• Personal data breaches
• Confidence and romance scams
• Nonpayment or failed delivery scams
• Investment scams 

The priciest of these scams were investment scams, which cost seniors nearly $1.2 billion in 2023. 

Healthcare Fraud

Healthcare fraud is a growing concern in the United States, particularly among the elderly. People over the age of 60 tend to have multiple health issues and multiple providers, so they may not notice questionable financial practices when they occur. 

Healthcare fraud can occur in a number of ways. For example, a provider may:

• Bill for a service that was never provided 
• Bill more than the service provided should cost (upcoding)
• Bill more than once for the same service (unbundling)
• Overcharge for medical care or equipment
• Get kickbacks for providing unnecessary referrals to specialists or prescribing unnecessary medications
• Sell worthless remedies and supplements for a hefty out-of-pocket cost

Additionally, scammers may contact an elderly person claiming to be their provider or insurance company and ask to “verify” the information they have on file. When the victim provides the information, the scammer can submit fraudulent claims using the victim’s identity or steal their identity entirely using the information provided.  

Elder Neglect

Elder neglect is an overarching term that includes any action or inaction that causes an elderly person’s basic needs to go unmet. It can be intentional or unintentional and may be perpetrated by a designated caregiver or by the elderly person themselves. 

In most cases, elder neglect is unintentional, and in many cases is carried out by the elderly person themselves. (This is known as self-neglect). For example, an elderly person may suffer from a physical or mental impairment that prevents them from performing basic self-care. They may miss meals, eat an unhealthy diet, or fail to take medications as prescribed. They may also miss medical appointments due to lack of transportation, let prescriptions run out, or forget to pay rent, mortgage or utility bills. These individuals often appear malnourished or underweight, live in squalid conditions, and may lack basic services such as running water or heat. Yet, whether due to shame or fear of losing their independence, they very often refuse outside help. 

Less often, a caregiver is actually the perpetrator of neglect. A relative or spouse may intentionally fail to provide adequate food or obtain prescribed medication for an elderly person. They may refuse to drive them to medical appointments, cut off access to the internet or telephone, and isolate the elderly person so they cannot ask for help. Some caregivers will actually abandon an elderly person, leaving them alone for long periods of time, despite knowing they cannot care for themselves. Fortunately, these cases are relatively rare.

Signs of Elder Abuse or Neglect

All too often, friends and neighbors of victims of elder abuse are stunned when they learn that the person has been victimized. This happens in large part because signs of abuse can be subtle and often mimic other health conditions, such as depression or dementia. It is also difficult for many people to believe that a caregiver would abuse an elderly person, and abusers are often very good at fabricating explanations for noticeable warning signs. Nevertheless, if you are a friend, relative or neighbor of an elderly person and are concerned about their welfare, it is important to be cognizant of these early warning signs of elder abuse.

Signs of Elder Physical Abuse

• Unexplained bruising, cuts, scrapes, welts or scars
• Broken bones, sprains or frequent trips to the emergency room for injuries
• Signs of having been physically restrained, such as rope burns or marks around the wrists or ankles
• Poor physical condition or disheveled appearance
• Broken eyeglasses or missing hearing aids
• Caregiver prevents you from speaking with the elder person alone
• Overprescribing of sedating drugs 

Signs of Emotional Elder Abuse

• Observed behavior by caregivers that is insulting, belittling, controlling or confrontational
• Signs that the elderly person is traumatized, such as rocking, thumb sucking, refusal to make eye contact, severe withdrawal
• Significant changes in mood

Signs of Elder Sexual Abuse

• Bruising on the thighs or external genitalia
• Vaginal or anal bleeding 
• Blood in urine or stool 
• Torn clothing
• Unexplained sexually transmitted disease
• Extreme mood changes and fearful behavior

Signs of Financial Abuse or Exploitation

• Unexplained withdrawals from the elder’s financial accounts
• Unexplained credit card purchases
• Money missing from bank accounts, IRA or 401k
• Bills not being paid 
• Sudden changes to the elderly person’s insurance policies, will or trust
• Missing cash, jewelry or other items of value
• Evidence of identity theft, e.g. new accounts opened in the elder’s name

Signs of Healthcare Fraud

• Duplicate bills for the same service
• Service dates and office visits don’t match
• Bills from unknown providers
• If the elderly person is in a nursing home or assisted living facility, signs of inadequate provision of care, such as bedsores, poor nutrition, weight loss, poor personal hygiene, frequent infections, etc.

Signs of Elder Neglect

• Poor physical condition, unusual weight loss, bedsores
• Very little food in the pantry or refrigerator
• Unsanitary or squalid living conditions
• Dirty, poorly fitting clothing
• Clothing that is unsuitable to weather conditions (e.g., no warm clothes in the winter)
• Hoarding
• Disheveled, unwashed appearance
• Physical injuries, scrapes, cuts, bruises or signs of frequent falls

Risk Factors in Elder Abuse

As mentioned earlier, social isolation and cognitive difficulties are one of the main contributors to elder abuse. Socially isolated elders who live alone often lack the knowledge or resources to reach out for help if they are being mistreated by someone charged with their care. They may also neglect their own needs due to a lack of money, transportation or community support. 

Additionally, caring for an elderly person can be mentally and physically challenging, especially if the caregiver is also elderly or in less than optimal health. Typically, the needs of the elderly person increase over time, while the capacity of the caregiver to provide care diminishes as physical and emotional stress take their toll. The result can be caregiver burnout, which may predispose the caregiver to lash out in anger, fail to meet the elderly person’s needs or leave them alone for long periods of time. 

Other factors that may increase the likelihood of elder abuse occurring in the elder’s home include:

• Depression or other mental health conditions in the caregiver, including substance misuse
• Lack of support from extended family or the community
• Pre-existing family dysfunction, including prior verbal or physical aggression by the elder or caregiver
• A history of domestic violence or spousal/parental abuse
• A contentious relationship between the caregiver and the elderly person 
• The caregiver’s perception that the caregiving role is burdensome or unfair

In a nursing home or assisted living facility, issues such as inadequate staffing, lack of adequate training, overburdened caregivers and a culture of disrespect for the elderly can also encourage elder abuse.

Where to Find Help for Elder Abuse

If you suspect an elderly family member or someone you know is being abused in some way, the best way to intervene initially is to speak with the elderly person when they are alone. Doing so may be somewhat challenging; many abusers will try to prevent the elderly person from speaking to others when the abuser is not there. If possible, ask the elder out to lunch or offer to take them shopping. If they are homebound, offer to stay with them for a short time while the caregiver runs errands or takes a break. If the caregiver refuses, this is a strong indication that something is amiss. 

When speaking to an elderly person about potential abuse, it’s best to be direct. Ask them if someone is hurting them or if they feel unsafe. If you suspect neglect, ask them if they feel that they have enough food and if they’re taking their medications as prescribed. Most importantly, tell them that you are there for them and can arrange for them to get the help they need. 

In most cases of suspected abuse or neglect, it is not advisable to confront the caregiver directly. This may trigger further aggression against the elderly person, which is exactly the opposite of the result you want. Instead, report your suspicions to Adult Protective Services. If you are located in the U.S., you can find contact information for the authorities in your area by entering the state where the elderly person lives into this search bar on the website of the National Adult Protective Services Association. Be prepared to discuss the objective signs you have witnessed as well as any information the elderly person provided you when you file the report. 

If the elderly person is living in a long-term care facility, you may also report suspected abuse to the National Long Term Care Ombudsman Program office in your state. 

Lastly, if you feel the elder is in imminent danger, take steps to remove them from the environment immediately. If they are injured, take them to the closest emergency room and report your suspicions about the abuse to someone there. Doctors and nurses are mandated reporters, which means the law requires them to report the abuse to Adult Protective Services and, in some cases, the police. If the elderly person is uninjured but you believe they will be injured if you leave them alone, call the police and ask them to assist you in removing the person to a safe location until APS can intervene. 

Preventing Elder Abuse

Preventing elder abuse is of paramount importance in our efforts to protect our elders from violence, exploitation and neglect. The National Institute on Aging estimates that fewer than one in 14 cases of elder abuse are ever reported, so prevention is the surest way to keep vulnerable elderly persons safe. 

According to the Social Security Administration, education is key to preventing elder abuse. The agency recommends the following practices 

• Know the signs of elder abuse
• Stay in touch. Isolation is a strong risk factor for elder abuse and neglect. Visit elderly friends and family often, and ask them how they are faring and if they need any help from you.
• Know what resources are available in your community and share them with friends, neighbors and others who are in contact with a vulnerable elderly person.
• Spread the word. Talk to people in your community about the scope of elder abuse and educate others about how to spot it and when to report it. 

Additionally, if you are a caregiver for an elderly person, the National Council on Aging suggests that doing the following can decrease the risk that you will become abusive to someone in your care:

• Take care of your physical and mental health. Keep medical appointments; eat a balanced diet, and enlist help from other family members and friends so you can take a break.
• Seek professional help for depression, burnout or drug and alcohol concerns.
• Stay connected to friends and family. Isolation puts both you and the person you are caring for at risk.
• Attend a support group for caregivers either in person or online. 
• If you have engaged in abusive behavior in the past or have the urge to do so at any time, contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline 24/7 to speak with a counselor.  Call 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or text Start to 88788. 

Summary

In summary, elder abuse is extremely common in the U.S. and globally, with as many as one in 10 elderly persons suffering from abuse or neglect each year. Elder abuse can happen anywhere, but the majority of abuse occurs at the hands of a family member or spouse in the victim’s home. Knowing the signs of abuse; reporting suspected abuse promptly, and educating others about prevalence and prevention are all essential to keeping our elderly safe. 

Sources

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse”. The National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse

“Elder Abuse”. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/elder-abuse/elder-abuse#

“2021 Elder Fraud Brochure”. US Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/d9/2023-12/elder_fraud_brochure_-_2021.pdf

“Elder Fraud in Focus”. FBI. https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/elder-fraud-in-focus#:~

“The prevalence of elder abuse and risk factors: a cross-sectional study of community older adults.” BMC Geriatric. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04307-0

“Chemical Restraints – How Nursing Homes Use Drugs To Control Residents”. Clement Law Group. https://www.elderabuseadvocates.com/chemical-restraints-how-nursing-homes-use-drugs-to-control-residents/

“Emotional Abuse”. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/emotional-abuse

“What is Gaslighting?” National Domestic Violence Hotline. https://www.thehotline.org/resources/what-is-gaslighting/

“What Is Emotional Elder Abuse?” Nursing Home Abuse Center. https://www.nursinghomeabusecenter.com/elder-abuse/types/emotional-abuse/

“Sexual Battery: Laws and Penalties”. Criminal Defense Lawyer. https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/federal/sexual-battery.htm

“Self-neglect in Older Adults: a Primer for Clinicians”. Journal of General Internal Medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2585676/

“Caregiver Burnout”. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9225-caregiver-burnout

“Get Help: Help in Your Area”. National Adult Protective Services Association. https://www.napsa-now.org/help-in-your-area/

“Get Help”. The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care. https://theconsumervoice.org/get-help/

“What Are Mandated Reporting Laws for Elder Abuse?” Nursing Home Abuse Center. https://www.nursinghomeabusecenter.com/blog/elder-abuse-reporting-laws/

As scams continue to become more convincing and sophisticated with the use of technology, there are a few proactive measures you can take to protect your loved one from those who may seek to take advantage of them. In 2023, the reported losses from elder fraud were reported to exceed $3.4 billion. Measures such as establishing safeguards, education, and maintaining community engagement can help protect seniors and the elderly from being victimized. 

Dedicate time to teaching the elderly person in your life about common scams such as tech support fraud, government impersonation, bank scams, romance scams, and other similar instances of fraud. Teach them that requests for wire transfers or gift cards, random threats, demands for secrecy, and implied urgency are all red flags for potential scams and fraud. Tech literacy is also important, so make sure your loved one knows how to identify phishing emails, fake URLs, and any potential social media scams. You can also share information about AARP’s Fraud Watch Network and FBI updates about top scams. 

Establish safeguards that make it more difficult for personal information to be obtained by strangers and scammers. If there is any mail in the house that has sensitive information, shred it so that it isn’t easily accessible by others who may visit the home. Remind seniors and elderly loved ones to avoid providing Social Security or Medicare numbers unless the request can be verified. If your loved one has online accounts and digital assets, safeguard them by ensuring they are stored in password managers and utilizing two-factor authentication whenever possible. You can also freeze credit reports to ensure that scammers don’t have unauthorized access to open new accounts. 

Bank and credit card statements should be checked on a regular basis to identify any unexpected withdrawals or payments to unknown payees. It can also be helpful to contact the bank to ask if they offer any elder fraud monitoring services that can notify you of suspicious activity across accounts. If there are any unexpected demands for payment from companies or institutions, contact them directly using official numbers listed on their verified website instead of other numbers provided by unidentified callers. 

Maintaining consistent social interaction and reducing isolation can reduce vulnerability to scams. Let your loved one know that if they encounter any unexpected requests or unusual activity, they can contact you to verify whether it’s a scam or actually legitimate. Additionally, many senior communities have scam awareness programs to educate residents about fraud and scams, which can further reduce the likelihood of scammers taking advantage of your loved one. 

Sources

“Scam and Fraud Prevention”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/older-adults/money/management/avoiding-scams/ 

“The Top 7 Elderly Scams in 2025 and How to Avoid Them”. Achieve Homecare Agency. https://achievehomecarenj.com/the-top-7-elderly-scams-in-2025-and-how-to-avoid-them/ 

“Helping your elderly and vulnerable loved ones avoid scammers”. J.P. Morgan. https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/fraud/fraud-mitigation/helping-your-elderly-and-vulnerable-loved-ones-avoid-the-scammers 

“22 Tips for Seniors to Avoid Scams”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/22-tips-for-seniors-to-avoid-scams/ 

“AARP Fraud Watch Network”. AARP. https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/helpline.html

Seniors and elderly individuals can protect themselves from healthcare fraud by taking proactive steps to safeguard their personal information, monitor bills and statements for services, and maintain awareness of common scams. It is estimated that $60 billion is lost annually to Medicare fraud, abuse, and errors which impact access to care and negatively affect finances. The scams associated with heathcare fraud are becoming increasingly more convincing, often posing as fake medical equipment offers or resulting in identity theft and billing fraud. 

Since scammers often claim to be government agents or even healthcare providers, seniors and elderly need to be especially vigilant regarding their Medicare card and number. Unexpected calls, emails, or interactions that demand this information or suggest urgency in providing it should always be recognized as a red flag for a potential scam. Phone calls or emails from individuals claiming to represent Medicare or an insurer should not be responded to without appropriate verification. It is recommended to decline speaking with these unidentified individuals and contact Medicare or the insurance provider using the official numbers or websites provided on the back of the cards. 

Statements or medical bills should generally be shredded after review to avoid identity theft. Prescription labels, insurance forms, and other documents that contain personal information should also be shredded. Billing fraud is a common scam, so Medicare Summary Notices should be reviewed to identify any duplicate charges, unfamiliar provider names, or services that were’t received. If there are any discrepancies, these should be reported. Maintaining a personal record of prescriptions that were dispensed and medical appointments that were attended can be a vital source of information to cross-reference against statements and bills. 

It is also important to maintain awareness of common scams, especially as they continue to change and evolve over time. Unsolicited offers for screenings, medical equipment, or similar services are usually fraudulent billing scams. Legitimate opportunities and programs usually require approval from a physician, so it may be helpful to verify with a healthcare provider about the nature of these unexpected offers. Likewise, unsolicited offers for medication are also a cause for concern; medications should only be purchased from pharmacies to avoid the risk of counterfeit drugs and fraud. 

Taking additional measures such as registering on the National Do Not Call Registry and attending Senior Medicare Patrol fraud prevention workshops are proactive ways to reduce scam calls and maintain awareness. If you suspect that fraud and billing errors have occurred, there are many resources available for additional support. These include contacting Medicare directly, the FTC, HHS Office of Inspector General, and state programs provided by the Senior Medicare Patrol.

Sources

“Medicare Fraud, Errors, and Abuse: How Older Adults Can Protect Themselves”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/medicare-fraud-and-abuse-how-seniors-can-protect-themselves/ 

“Health Care Scams Cost Medicare Beneficiaries Billions”. Area Agency on Aging of Central Texas. https://aaact.org/2019/08/08/protecting-seniors-from-health-care-fraud/ 

“Medicare Fraud Scams Target Seniors and Expose Personal Information”. Thomson Reuters. https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/investigation-fraud-and-risk/fraud-scams-targeting-seniors/ 

“5 Ways Seniors Can Protect Themselves From Health Care Scams”. Cigna. https://newsroom.cigna.com/5-Ways-Seniors-Can-Protect-Themselves-From-Health-Care-Scams 

“Protect Yourself and Loved Ones From Medicare Fraud”. Senior Medicare Patrol. https://smpresource.org/ 

Elder abuse, whether physical, emotional, financial or neglect, is committed by both men and women of all ages, who typically are in close relationships with the elderly person and/or responsible for their care. Statistics from the National Council on Aging indicate that family members — most often adult children or spouses — are the perpetrators of about half of elder abuse cases. Paid caregivers, whether at home or in a nursing home, were responsible for the next highest number of cases, followed by strangers.

If you’re concerned that a loved one is a victim of elder abuse, please visit our additional answers: 

• What should I do if I suspect elder abuse?
• How do I report suspected elder abuse?

Sources

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse.” National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse/

“Nursing Home Abuse: What You Need to Know”. Nursing Homes Abuse. https://nursinghomesabuse.org/nursing-home-abuse/

Elder abuse, which encompasses physical, emotional, financial and sexual mistreatment of older adults, can lead to severe legal consequences on both a state and federal level for perpetrators (who are often caregivers, whether at home or in a facility). In many jurisdictions, elder abuse is classified as a criminal offense, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment depending on the severity of the abuse and the resulting harm to the victim. Law enforcement agencies and social services, such as Adult Protective Services, often work together to investigate allegations of abuse, and cases can lead to charges such as assault, theft, neglect or harassment. 

In addition to criminal penalties, civil lawsuits may be pursued by victims or their families, seeking damages for pain and suffering, medical expenses and other related costs. Some states have harsher criminal penalties for certain types of abuse against elderly adults, and about 15 states have statutes offering civil remedies for the abuse or neglect of nursing home residents. Organizations that provide care for the elderly also can face legal action if they’re found negligent in protecting their residents from abuse.

Beyond legal repercussions for the abuser, elder abuse can trigger mandatory reporting laws in certain states, which require professionals such as healthcare workers and social workers to report suspicions of abuse to authorities. Failure to report can result in legal penalties for these professionals.

Sources

“Elder Abuse Laws”. Justia. https://www.justia.com/elder-law/elder-abuse

“What Is the Criminal Penalty for Elder Abuse?” Holm Law Group. https://holmlawgroup.com/what-is-criminal-penalty-for-elder-abuse/

“Mandated Reporting of Abuse of Older Adults and Adults with Disabilities”. National Adult Protective Services Association. https://www.napsa-now.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NCEA_NAPSA_MandatedReportBrief.pdf

Elderly people can be more vulnerable to financial scams for several reasons, most often related to social isolation, cognitive decline and an unfamiliarity with technology. Many scammers also believe elderly people have large retirement accounts at their disposal, which makes them particularly attractive victims.

Social Factors

Many older adults experience loneliness or social isolation. Scammers can prey on this by offering fake companionship or pretending to be helpful, which can make the victim more trusting and less skeptical. Older people also may have a more trusting nature and be less likely to question strangers or unfamiliar situations. The elderly are also more often dependent on others — sadly, family members and caretakers are responsible for over 50% of general elder abuse cases. And, many seniors don’t have someone to help monitor their daily lives or financial situation, making them more vulnerable to scams. 

Cognitive Factors

As people age, they may experience cognitive decline with functions like memory, decision-making and critical thinking. This can make it harder to recognize warning signs of scam tactics, which are often designed to manipulate emotions and exploit trust. Medical conditions like traumatic brain injury, stroke, and developmental disabilities, along with medications such as painkillers, tranquilizers, sleep aids, and drugs for urinary incontinence, can also affect an older person’s cognitive abilities, judgment and thinking.

Technological Factors

Many older adults didn’t grow up with the digital literacy that younger generations have, making them more susceptible to online scams. Phishing emails, fake tech support calls and fraudulent websites can be difficult to distinguish from legitimate communications.

Reporting Financial Scamming

If you’re concerned that an elderly person in your life is a victim of a financial scam, you can Report Suspected Elder Abuse and/or Report Fraud to the Federal Trade Commission.

Sources

“What Are the Top Online Scams Targeting Older Adults?” National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/what-are-the-top-online-scams-targeting-older-adults/

“Why Are Older Adults More Vulnerable to Scams?” Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-high-cost-of-forgetting/202309/why-are-older-adults-more-vulnerable-to-scams

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse/

“Report Fraud”. Federal Trade Commission. https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/?orgcode=NCOA

Elder abuse affects an estimated 1 in 10 seniors, but only 1 in 24 cases are reported. Globally, it has been estimated that in 2024, 1 in 6 people age 60 years and older experienced abuse in community settings. There are many complex factors and barriers that affect victims, their families, and surrounding systems. Unfortunately, unreported abuse is known to be associated with three times higher hospitalization rates and a 300% increased mortality risk. 

Older adults with cognitive and physical limitations are often unable to report abuse. If they have dementia or Alzheimer’s, they may not be able to recognize abuse, and if they have a communication impairment, it can prevent them from reporting abuse when it is recognizable. It has been suggested that around 50% of dementia patients experience abuse, but they’re unable to report it due to cognitive decline. Those who are able to communicate may also be threatened with retaliation by those who are abusing them. These threats may include additional harm, withdrawal of care and housing, or even institutionalization. Additionally, elder abuse victims may experience shame and embarrassment, especially if they have been sexually or financially abused. 

In 47% of elder abuse cases, the abusers are family members of the victims, such as spouses or adult children. Sometimes, victims of elder abuse don’t disclose abuse because they fear that these family members may be arrested or become homeless due to the consequences of their behavior. Emotional ties to abusers also prevent seniors from reporting abuse. When the abusive party is a caregiver, many seniors choose not to report abuse because they are dependent on their caregiver for survival. 

Significant systemic and institutional failures also contribute to underreporting of elder abuse. It has been estimated that 95% of nursing homes are understaffed, which makes neglect less visible to other staff members. Abuse in institutions is often committed by overworked staff, but some workers fear loss of employment due to retaliation, so they don’t report abuse or neglect at all. Factors such as inspection backlogs across 31 states and vacancy rates for inspections as high as 83% also prevent consistent and effective documentation. 

Sources

“Elder Abuse Statistics for 2025”. Senior Living. https://www.seniorliving.org/research/elder-abuse-statistics/ 

“Elder Abuse”. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560883/ 

“Nursing Home Abuse Statistics”. Nursing Home Abuse Center. https://www.nursinghomeabusecenter.com/nursing-home-abuse/statistics/ 

“Abuse of Older People”. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abuse-of-older-people 

“Exposing barriers to reporting elder abuse and why we must take action”. Melbourne Academic Centre for Health. https://machaustralia.org/exposing-barriers-to-reporting-elder-abuse-and-why-we-must-take-action/ 

“Elder Abuse Statistics in 2025”. The Senior List. https://www.theseniorlist.com/caregiving/elder-abuse/statistics/ 

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse/ 

“6 Reasons Why Elder Abuse Goes Unreported”. Mandated Reporter Training. https://mandatedreportertraining.com/resources/blog/6-reasons-why-elder-abuse-goes-unreported/ 

Social isolation, when someone has few relationships and limited social contact, can be both a cause and a consequence of abuse, and is even a predictor of mistreatment. There is evidence linking isolation with increased rates of dementia, cognitive decline, and mental illness, which increases the risk of abuse. Isolation can also exacerbate feelings of loneliness, depression, and anxiety, resulting in increased difficulty in reaching out for help or reporting abuse.

Evidence also suggests the emotional vulnerability of an isolated elderly person, including those who are recently bereaved, can increase the likelihood of falling victim to scams. Unfortunately, there are predatory scammers who take advantage of an emotional void to build a relationship with the victim, which they exploit for financial benefit. 

When an elderly person is socially isolated, there are fewer people around them who might notice signs of mistreatment or neglect. Without friends or family to offer assistance or a listening ear, an elderly person in an abusive situation may feel trapped or powerless. This makes it much easier for abusers to operate without the fear of getting caught, allowing the abuse to go undetected and unreported. 

Additionally, if an elderly person is dependent on a single caregiver with little outside interaction, the relationship can skew to one of abusive control or power. Isolated elders can become reliant on their abusers, which can trap them in the situation.

Social isolation as a symptom of elder abuse

Abusers often encourage isolation as a tactic, so the elderly person is cut off from others they could share the situation with. Indicators of forced isolation can include the elderly person withdrawing from typical social outlets, reducing or terminating visits from family and friends, making changes to legal documents like wills or power of attorney, transferring property rights, altering banking habits or accounts, canceling medical appointments, and even deteriorating health.

If you’re concerned about isolation as a factor of elder abuse, there are various steps you can take. See our topic, “What should I do if I suspect elder abuse?”

Sources

“Social Isolation of Seniors”. Toronto Police. https://eapon.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/social_isolation_of_seniors-TPS.pdf

There are several resources available to help educate caregivers on how to identify and respond to elder abuse, both on local and federal levels. Recognizing elder abuse early can make a huge difference in preventing further harm and ensuring that older adults receive the care and protection they need. Here are a few key resources:

National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA)

The NCEA offers a variety of materials on elder abuse, including fact sheets, training programs and guides for caregivers. They focus on educating caregivers about the different types of abuse (physical, emotional, financial, neglect, and sexual abuse) and how to recognize warning signs.

• Website: https://ncea.acl.gov

ElderCare Locator

This is a public service provided by the U.S. Administration on Aging. It can help caregivers find local resources, including agencies that can provide education on elder abuse prevention and intervention.

• Website: https://eldercare.acl.gov

AARP’s Resources for Caregivers

AARP offers a variety of resources aimed at supporting family caregivers. Their content includes information on how to identify and report elder abuse, as well as strategies for preventing abuse.

• Website: https://www.aarp.org/caregiving

The National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA)

NAPSA provides training programs, webinars, and resources specifically geared toward adult protective services workers, but they also offer guidance for caregivers to help them understand elder abuse.

• Website: https://www.napsa-now.org/abuse/

The Eldercare Workforce Alliance (EWA)

The EWA works to improve the quality of care for older adults and provides resources for caregivers, including information on recognizing and preventing elder abuse.

• Website: https://www.eldercareworkforce.org

The National Institute on Aging (NIA)

NIA provides research-based information about elder abuse and how caregivers can address it. They have an entire section dedicated to preventing elder abuse, which includes guidance for recognizing physical, emotional, and financial abuse.

• Website: https://www.nia.nih.gov

Local Adult Protective Services (APS)

• APS agencies in many states provide educational materials and can sometimes offer workshops or seminars for caregivers. APS is also the agency responsible for investigating elder abuse and neglect, and they can offer support for caregivers dealing with difficult situations

You can check for potential reports of elder abuse at assisted living, nursing homes, and memory care facilities by making use of state resources, public databases and forums, or on-site evaluations. Although it can be a time-consuming process, it is vital to check multiple platforms and sources for potential reports to determine if these potential facilities have consistently positive or negative ratings. We recommend checking at least five platforms or databases, including those which allow friends or family members to submit their own rating and review. 

Medicare’s Care Compare tool can be an excellent source of information for ratings provided for nursing homes, home health services, hospices, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and more. By searching for the facility name or location, you can learn more about its inspection results, rating, and overall staffing. The tool also provides information about quality measures, known violations, and health inspection scores to help you make an informed decision. 

Since some reports may not be documented in national databases, you should also check your state health department’s website. You can search for inspection reports specific to the type of facility you are investigating for your loved one. State health department websites typically include information about complaints, safety violations, health violations, and compliance concerns. 

ProPublica’s Nursing Home Inspect is another reliable option worth consideration. ProPublica nonprofit independent newsroom that compiles violation data, deficiencies, repeat offenses, and more. A history of fines, repeat offenses, or patterns of abuse can be reflective of a facility that will provide inconsistent care that could be detrimental to your loved one’s overall health and safety. 

Most states have a Long-Term Care Ombudsman program that provides advocacy for patients. These programs also help families check complaints and inspection reports for facilities. Working with an ombudsman is helpful not only because they can provide context beyond the reports in public records, but also because they can help you file a complaint if you suspect elder abuse is occurring at your loved one’s current facility. 

If you suspect that elder abuse may be occurring at the facility where your loved one currently resides, there is additional action you can take. You can make unannounced visits to the facility to check staff responsiveness, resident engagement, cleanliness, and other indicators in instances where the staff doesn’t expect you to visit your loved one that day. You can also ask about turnover rates at the facility. If you find any evidence of abuse, document it and contact the ombudsman, Adult Protective Services, and the National Center on Elder Abuse for additional guidance.

Sources

“Find and compare providers near you.” Medicare. https://www.medicare.gov/care-compare/?providerType=NursingHome  

“How to Check Nursing Home Violations”. Nursing Home Law Center. https://www.nursinghomelawcenter.org/news/how-to-check-nursing-home-violations/ 

“Nursing Home Inspect”. ProPublica. https://projects.propublica.org/nursing-homes/ 

“How to Verify a Nursing Home’s Safety Record Before Choosing One”. Hughey Law Firm. https://www.hugheylawfirm.com/how-to-verify-a-nursing-homes-safety-record-before-choosing-one/ 

Adult Protective Services (APS) is a social service available in all states that’s designed to protect vulnerable adults who may be at risk of abuse, exploitation or neglect (from self or others). This typically includes individuals aged 18 and older who may have physical or mental impairments that affect their ability to care for themselves or make informed decisions, though in some states APS works only with the elderly. APS services generally involve investigating reports of mistreatment, assessing the needs of an individual, and providing necessary interventions to ensure their safety and well-being. The program aims to help adults live independently while preserving their rights and dignity.

APS operates in many jurisdictions, oftentimes as part of a broader social services framework. If an adult is determined to be experiencing abuse, APS may collaborate with law enforcement, healthcare providers and community organizations to offer support and resources. Depending on the case, APS may facilitate services such as counseling, financial assistance, legal aid, access to healthcare, delivered meals or emergency interventions. A victim does have the right to refuse APS interventions — and in cases where an adult is deemed unable to make sound decisions, APS may go through the legal process of appointing a conservator or guardian for the person. The focus of APS is on immediate safety as well as long-term solutions that help prevent future harm. 

Sources

“What Is Adult Protective Services?” Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice/media/1136406/dl?inline=

Calling to report elder abuse will result in a structured response from the authorities that you have contacted. Who will investigate can depend on the setting where the abuse is taking place. Generally, the primary investigators and settings include: 

• Adult Protective Services (APS) if abuse occurs within a private residence 
• Long-term Care Ombudsman if abuse occurs in a nursing home or assisted living 

These investigators usually won’t provide any real-time updates about the progression of the case, but they may contact you for additional information or clarification. It is worth noting that local law enforcement or the FBI may also join the investigation depending on any additional crimes that are associated with the abuse. When you contact the authorities, be prepared to provide the following details: 

• Victim’s name and location 
• Victim’s health status 
• Suspected abuse type and details about what happened 
• Abuser’s identity and details if known 
• Safety risks 

During the investigation, the victim and any witnesses may be interviewed privately. These interviews are conducted without the suspected abuser present to avoid the risk of intimidation. If abuse is confirmed, it may result in criminal charges for the abusers, civil lawsuits for compensation, or additional monitoring at the facilities in question. If false reports of abuse have been submitted, these may result in misdemeanor charges. Outcomes can vary depending on your jurisdiction, victim cooperation, and evidence of abuse.

Sources

“Report Concerns Involving Vulnerable Adults”. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services. https://www.dshs.wa.gov/altsa/home-and-community-services/report-concerns-involving-vulnerable-adults 

“What Happens When You Report Someone for Elder Abuse?” Peck Law Corp. https://www.pecklawcorp.com/blog/what-happens-when-you-report-someone-for-elder-abuse-in-california 

“How Long Does an Elder ABuse Investigation Take?” Susan Kang Gordon Law. https://skg-law.com/blog/how-long-does-elder-abuse-investigation-take 

“Elder Abuse: How to Spot Warning Signs, Get Help, and Report Mistreatment”. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/aging-older-adults/elder-abuse 

“How Do I Report Elder Abuse or Abuse of an Older Person or Senior?” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/answers/programs-for-families-and-children/how-do-i-report-elder-abuse/index.html 

Specialized resources for safety, intervention, and justice are available to victims of elder abuse. Victims who are at risk of life-threatening danger due to abuse should always contact 911 for immediate response. In circumstances that are not life-threatening, the following resources can be contacted instead. 

The National Elder Fraud Hotline is operated by the Department of Justice for Victims of Crime. It provides personalized case management, connects victims of elder fraud to law enforcement, and also helps freeze stolen funds. The hotline provides support to those who are age 60 or older if they have been victims of financial fraud. Case managers at the hotline can help identify reporting agencies in addition to providing referrals and other resources. 

The Eldercare Locator is an option that can help connect victims to services for themselves and their families. This tool provides access to local resources that may help with legal aid, counseling, and many other valuable services. Depending on location, many of these services offer multilingual support. 

Adult Protective Services (APS) is a resource that can be used if there are concerns about elder abuse in private homes. Adult Protective Services can assess and determine the needs of victims. It is important to note that response times for APS can vary by state. For those who are in nursing homes or assisted living facilities, the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program is another option. The ombudsman provides support through advocacy, mediation, and overall facility oversight. 

Financial scams should be reported to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Although the FTC cannot resolve individual reports of fraud, these reports are used for further investigation. The FTC also uses reports to establish cases against scams, bad business practices, and fraud. Legal aid networks can also be of help, such as the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys. Many of these legal aid networks provide pro bono support with restitution, estate recovery, and restraining orders. 

There are also therapeutic and community support resources available to those who may need them. Options such as the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) host training webinars and provide multilingual toolkits regarding safety planning, signs of abuse, and other important topics relevant to elder abuse. Abuse Later in Life Programs are another resource which can help fund services for victims such as support groups, counseling, and emergency housing. Finally, multidisciplinary teams comprised of medical staff, social workers, and law enforcement can aid in coordinating victim-centered responses. These teams can be located on the Department of Justice’s Elder Justice Network Map. 

Sources 

“2025 World Elder Abuse Awareness Day Announcement”. United States Attorney’s Office of the District of Montana. https://www.justice.gov/usao-mt/pr/2025-world-elder-abuse-awareness-day-announcement 

“Elder Fraud & Abuse – Related Resources”. Office for Victims of Crime. https://ovc.ojp.gov/program/elder-fraud-abuse/related-resources 

“Eldercare Locator”. HHS Administration for Community Living. https://eldercare.acl.gov/home 

“Elder Justice Neighborhood Resources”. U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice/support/resources-neighborhood 

“Report Fraud”. Federal Trade Commission. https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/ 

“Abuse in Later Life Program”. Office on Violence Against Women (OVW). https://www.justice.gov/ovw/abuse-later-life-program 

“Elder Justice Network Locator Map”. U.S. Department of Justice. https://www.justice.gov/elderjustice/elder-justice-network-locator-map

“World Elder Abuse Awareness Day 2025: How Can Each of Us Make a Difference?” National Association of Social Workers. https://www.socialworkers.org/Practice/Tips-and-Tools-for-Social-Workers/World-Elder-Abuse-Awareness-Day-2025-How-Can-Each-of-Us-Make-a-Difference 

“Resources”. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/elder-abuse/communication-resources/index.html 

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse/ 

The process for reporting elder abuse may vary depending where you live, but each state has an Adult Protective Services (APS) office responsible for investigating reports, and you can contact them online or via phone. The National Adult Protective Services Association has state-specific information, including websites and phone numbers. After filing your report with the local APS office, they will assess the situation and take appropriate action. 

If you suspect abuse in a long-term care facility, like a nursing home, assisted-living facility, or other adult care home, you should report it to your state’s licensing agency — this is done by contacting a long-term care ombudsman via The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care. 

If you believe the elder is in immediate danger, call 911 immediately.

Provide as much information as possible

When making a report, try to provide as much detailed information as you can, including:

• The elder’s name, age, and location
• The nature of the abuse or neglect
• Any specific incidents or patterns of behavior you’ve observed
• Information about the suspected abuser (if known)
• Evidence or documentation (if available)

Key resources and contact information

• Elder Abuse Hotline: 1-800-677-1116 (via ElderCare Locator)
• National Center on Elder Abuse 
• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233), online chat, or text START to 88788 if the abuse involves domestic violence

Sources

“Get Help in Your Area”. National Adult Protective Services Association. https://www.napsa-now.org/help-in-your-area/

“Get Help”. National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care. https://theconsumervoice.org/get-help/

If you suspect elder abuse — which encompasses physical, emotional and sexual abuse, as well as confinement, neglect/deprivation, and financial exploitation — there are several actions you can take to ensure the safety and well-being of the person involved. These vary depending on the severity of the situation, as well as the access you have to the elderly person. If you’re concerned the abuser is a caretaker, family member, or friend who is constantly present, arrange a time where you can be alone with the elderly person so they can speak freely to help you understand the situation. Be sensitive, respectful, and direct in your approach. Offer support as you can, and determine the appropriate course of action.

Should you suspect elder abuse is happening, here are some steps you can take:

1. Ensure Immediate Safety: If you believe the elder is in immediate danger, contact emergency services (911) right away.
2. Report the Abuse: Each region has specific agencies responsible for handling elder abuse. You can report your concerns to:
   • Adult Protective Services (APS): In the U.S., APS is typically responsible for investigating reports of elder abuse. You can find local APS resources through the National Adult Protective Services Association.
   • Law Enforcement: In some cases, contacting local police may be appropriate, especially if there is evidence of criminal activity. Contact information for local police departments is available at PoliceLocator.com. 
3. Document Your Observations: If possible, keep detailed notes about the signs of abuse you’ve observed, including dates, times, and specific incidents. This information can be crucial for investigations.
4. Contact Advocacy Organizations: Organizations like the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA) can provide guidance and resources for handling elder abuse cases. The NCEA also has a resource page for suspected elder abuse.
5. Contact a Long-Term Care Ombudsman: If the suspected abuse is happening in a long-term care facility like a nursing home, assisted-living facility, or other adult care home, The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care has a directory of local long-term care ombudsmen who are able to investigate abuse allegations, help resolve issues, and advocate for the long-term care resident.
6. Seek Legal Advice: In some cases, it may be beneficial to consult with an attorney who specializes in elder law to understand the legal options available.
7. Support and Follow Up: Provide emotional support and follow up with the elderly person to ensure that their needs are being met and that they’re safe.

Addressing elder abuse can be complex and requires careful consideration to protect the vulnerable person. If in doubt, seeking advice from professionals and advocacy groups is always a good first step.

Sources

“Get the Facts on Elder Abuse”. National Council on Aging. https://www.ncoa.org/article/get-the-facts-on-elder-abuse/

“Get Help”. The National Consumer Voice for Quality Long-Term Care. https://theconsumervoice.org/get-help/

The elderly can be prime targets for various investment scams due to a desire for greater financial security in retirement, greater trustfulness, and cognitive decline. Some of the most common scams that impact seniors include:

• “Free Lunch” Seminars — Scammers often invite seniors to a seminar that includes a free meal, where they are pitched high-risk or fraudulent investment products. These seminars create a sense of urgency and are often framed as educational opportunities. The elderly may be manipulated into making decisions they don’t fully understand.
  
• Ponzi Schemes — Fraudsters promise high returns with little or no risk and use money from new investors to pay returns to earlier investors. Over time, the scheme collapses when the flow of new money slows down. Seniors are especially vulnerable to these scams because they sound like legitimate, high-reward opportunities. 
  
• High-Return “Too-Good-To-Be-True” Investment Offer  — Scammers offer opportunities that seem to promise unusually high returns, often in stocks, bonds or cryptocurrency investments. They may reach out via unsolicited phone calls, emails or even social media, claiming that these investments are exclusive, low-risk and guaranteed to provide significant returns. These offers often turn out to be fraudulent, with the scammer disappearing with the victim’s money.
  
• Pump and Dump Schemes — Fraudsters artificially inflate the value of a stock or cryptocurrency and then “pump” it by encouraging the elderly (and other investors) to buy into it. Once the price rises, the scammers “dump” their holdings, causing the stock or cryptocurrency’s value to crash. The elderly investor is left holding worthless assets. 
  
• Affinity Fraud — Scammers, sometimes posing as trusted figures in the community (e.g., a fellow church member or social leader), offer investment opportunities that promise high returns. The scammer takes advantage of this trust and may disappear with the funds once enough people have invested.

Sources

“A Guide for Seniors: Protect yourself against investment fraud.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. https://www.sec.gov/files/guideforseniors.pdf

“A List of the Most Common Elder Investor Scams”. Silver Law Group. https://www.silverlaw.com/common-investor-scams.html

Elder self-neglect refers to when an elderly person fails to provide for their own basic needs, including nutrition, hygiene, medical care (including regular medications), clothing, safe housing and/or personal safety. This type of neglect can result from a host of factors, including physical or cognitive impairment, mental health issues, recently losing a partner or loved one, and social isolation. Self-neglect can lead to serious health risks as well as reduce quality of life, making it a real concern for friends and family, caregivers and healthcare professionals.

If you believe a senior you know may be experiencing self-neglect, it’s prudent to raise the issue with one of their family members or loved ones. If this isn’t available, you should contact your local Adult Protective Services branch. You can search the database of the National Adult Protective Services Association to find a branch near you. 

Sources

“How can I recognize elder abuse?” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.hhs.gov/answers/programs-for-families-and-children/how-can-i-recognize-elder-abuse/index.html

“Signs of Self-Neglect”. National Adult Protective Services Association. https://www.napsa-now.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Self-Neglect_NAPSA-Branded-08-13-2022.pdf

Nonpayment and failed delivery scams can have a serious financial impact on elderly individuals, especially those on fixed incomes. Failed delivery scams are more common and occur when a scammer tricks a victim into believing there’s an issue with a package or delivery that was supposed to be sent to them. To resolve the supposed problem, the victim is asked to provide personal information, pay a fee, or click on a link that could lead to a phishing website designed to steal their personal or financial information. Also, non-delivery scams may refer to when a senior pays for a product or service from a fraudulent source, and never receives what they’ve purchased. The money lost from these types of scams can be difficult or impossible to recover. 

A nonpayment scam is a type of fraud that occurs when an elderly person is selling a good or service, and a person or business either refuses to pay for what they’ve received or falsely claims they haven’t received anything, leading to a financial loss for the seller or service provider.

In addition to the financial toll, these scams can cause emotional distress. The embarrassment or shame of being duped may lead to feelings of isolation, anxiety or depression, further harming the senior’s mental health and overall well-being.

Sources

“Holiday Scams”. FBI.gov. https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/scams-and-safety/common-frauds-and-scams/holiday-scams

“How to Protect a Loved One from Elder Fraud”. AAA: The Extra Mile. https://cluballiance.aaa.com/the-extra-mile/advice/budget/how-to-protect-a-loved-one-from-elder-fraud

“Package Delivery Scams”. American Bankers Association. https://www.aba.com/advocacy/community-programs/consumer-resources/protect-your-money/package-delivery-scams

“The Psychological Impact of Financial Elder Abuse”. Evans Law. https://www.evanslaw.com/practice-areas/financial-elder-abuse/psychological-impact-of-financial-elder-abuse/

A confidence scam (also known as a confidence trick) is a type of fraud where a scammer builds a relationship with a victim, typically through online platforms, to gain their trust. Once a relationship is established, the scammer deceives their victim out of money, property or information. The criminals who perpetrate confidence scams generally target vulnerable people, often those who are isolated or elderly. The scam typically starts with a friendly, innocent-seeming message, often through social media, where the scammer pretends to be a caring person in order to engage their victim in conversation. Over the course of weeks, months or even years, after a “secure” relationship is established, the scammer creates a crisis or financial need — such as claiming to be in trouble overseas or needing money for medical expenses — to request funds from the victim.

A romance scam is a type of confidence trick where the scammer begins the fraudulent relationship on a dating site or app. They create counterfeit profiles to lure in victims and build trust through regular conversation. Once a bond is formed, the scammer fabricates a story in order to solicit financial support, then disappears. One major red flag of a romance scam is an unwillingness to engage in video calls or meet in person (which would reveal a false dating profile).

To protect yourself from these types of scams, never give out financial information — whether to “accept a deposit” (another common tactic to gain sensitive banking info) or send money — to anyone you haven’t met in person. The same goes for purchasing gift cards/prepaid credit cards, wiring money, sending cryptocurrency or otherwise sending gifts.

Sources

“Protecting Your Finances: Understanding the Dangers of Confidence Scams”. United States Senate Federal Credit Union.  https://www.ussfcu.org/media-center/security-corner/blog-detail-security-corner.html?cId=92003&title=protecting-your-finances-understanding-the-dangers-of-confidence-scams

“What to Know About Romance Scams”. Federal Trade Commission. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/what-know-about-romance-scams

A tech support scam is when a scammer impersonates a technical support representative, often claiming to be from a well-known company like Microsoft or Apple, or a computer security company like McAfee or Norton. These scams exploit a victim’s fear and lack of technical knowledge. The scammer may make first contact through a phone call, email or even a pop-up ad or warning on a website, falsely alerting a victim that their computer is infected with a virus or has security issues. The scammer then pressures the victim into granting remote access to their device or purchasing unnecessary software and services, which can lead to significant financial loss and data compromise. Often, an email or pop-up ad will look legitimate, with logos or branding that look like the company the scammer is pretending to be from. If you have doubts, closely examine the email address or pop-up ad’s web address — it will usually be clear it’s not connected with the real company (there may be unusual combinations of letters or numbers, no company name, etc).

If you are concerned that your computer really does require support, go directly to the website of a reputable company, or bring your computer in-person to most any store that sells tech products.

If you have been contacted by a tech support scammer, you can report it to the Federal Trade Commission here.

Sources

“How To Spot, Avoid, and Report Tech Support Scams”. Federal Trade Commission Consumer Advice. https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/how-spot-avoid-and-report-tech-support-scams

Elders are sadly a common target for scamming and fraud by criminals who use deceptive methods — including posing as investors with financial opportunities, necessary tech support, or gaining friendship or love via social media or texts — to earn an elder’s trust so they will send money.

Some common elder abuse scams include: 

• Impersonation Scams
  • Scammers pretend to be government officials, bank representatives or family members in urgent trouble to trick elders into sending money or sharing personal information
• Tech Support Scams
  • Fraudsters call and claim there’s a virus or security problem on the elder’s computer and offer fake tech support, often trying to gain remote access or payment for unnecessary services
• Lottery or Prize Scams
  • Seniors receive messages saying they’ve won a lottery or prize but must pay fees or taxes upfront to claim it, which is a trap to steal their money
• Nonpayment or Failed Delivery Scams
  • A criminal will reach out and claim a package is undeliverable, and request sensitive info; or a shoddy/fake company never delivers a good or service the elder has paid for
• Romance or Confidence Scams
  • Scammers build fake romantic (or friend) relationships online, gaining trust, then ask for money citing emergencies or travel expenses
• Caregiver or Family Scams
  • Caregivers, family members or acquaintances of the senior exploit or abuse them to gain access to their money
• Investment or Financial Advisor Scams
  • Scammers offer fake investment opportunities or financial advice promising high returns, tricking elders into handing over life savings
• Grandparent Scam
  • A criminal will pretend to be one of the elder’s relatives, often a child or grandchild, claiming they urgently need money

Sources

“Elder Fraud”. FBI.gov. https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/scams-and-safety/common-frauds-and-scams/elder-fraud

“Holiday Scams”. FBI.gov. https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/scams-and-safety/common-frauds-and-scams/holiday-scams